A leading figure in the American avant-garde cinema of the 1950s and 1960s, and a pioneer of video in the 1970s, Shirley Clarke brought a distinctive "choreography of images" to her work. An instrumental figure in the cinema verite movement, she also produced dramatic features. In 1970, she formed the Tee Pee Videospace Troupe, a loose collective working in experimental video and theater. Later works included theatrical collaborations with Sam Shepard and Joseph Chaikin.